![]() ![]() Results showed the vertebral joint forces from the model were qualitatively similar in pattern and magnitude to literature reports. Further, model-estimated muscle activations were compared to recorded EMG, and model sensitivity to day-to-day EMG variability was evaluated. For evaluation, predicted lumbar vertebral joint forces were compared to those from a generic static optimization approach (SOpt) and to previous studies. Kinematic, external kinetic, and EMG data were recorded from six participants as they performed walking and carrying tasks on a treadmill. In this study we developed the framework for incorporating an electromyography optimization (EMGopt) approach within OpenSim ( ) and evaluated lower back demands estimated from the model during gait. Participant-specific musculoskeletal models are needed to accurately estimate lower back internal kinetic demands and injury risk. ![]()
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